What can be contributed to the capital of a commer […] What can be contributed to the capital of a commercial company in addition to money?
Category: Company Law
It is not uncommon for those who are considering setting up a company or increasing its share capital to have doubts about what can be contributed to the share capital of a company, apart from money (and enthusiasm). In technical terms, the question here is what can be considered legally valid as a non-monetary contribution, […]
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Who is entitled to attend a General Meeting? Who is entitled to attend a General Meeting?
The Shareholders General Meeting is the sovereign body of trading companies, and its powers include such important competences as the approval of the company’s annual accounts and the appointment and removal of its directors. Regulation of the entitlement to attend a Shareholders General Meeting by the Corporate Enterprises Act The Corporate Enterprises Act regulates the right of […]
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Corporate actions in the event of the death of a m […] Corporate actions in the event of the death of a member of the board of directors
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What should I do in the event of the death of a member of the board of directors of my company? The loss of a company administrator due to death is an event that occurs frequently and for which foresight is essential to avoid the paralysis of the company’s activities. When the sole director or […]
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REIT as a problem-solving tool in family businesse […] REIT as a problem-solving tool in family businesses: tax advantages and legal regime
One of the common grounds for disputes within the family businesses, especially when it comes to the second or third generation, is the distinction between partners who participate in the management or activity of the company, and partners who do not. It is normal that, either because of capacity or quantity, not everyone can obtain […]
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Types of hotel management contracts: leasing and m […] Types of hotel management contracts: leasing and management
What types of contracts exist for hotel operations? In this post we will focus on the characteristics of the two most common hotel management models: the lease or rental contract and the hotel management contract. In fact, according to a recent publication by Hosteltur, three out of four hotel establishment operations are regulated by one […]
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Representation and Warranties Insurance in M& […] Representation and Warranties Insurance in M&A transactions
It is becoming increasingly common to use representation and warranties insurance policies (known as R&W insurance or W&l insurance) in M&A transactions. These insurances allow the compensation that the seller must pay to the buyer, for certain damages caused because of the breach of contract, to be paid directly by an insurer in exchange for […]
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When an individual participates in a company, whether in a personal capacity or as a legal entity, they do so with the expectation and confidence that the company will generate profits. Shareholders or members are afforded the opportunity to reap the returns on their investment in the company. Under our legal system, this is characterised […]
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What is the purpose of a due diligence in the acqu […] What is the purpose of a due diligence in the acquisition of companies? Is it worth the investment?
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A due diligence is an investigation process of one or more assets, which may well be of a company or a group of companies. However, before entering into this “indirect” acquisition process (decision to acquire the company as means of acquiring the assets and liabilities contained therein), we should ask ourselves whether it is more favourable, […]
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Legal adviser: Which companies are obliged to appo […] Legal adviser: Which companies are obliged to appoint one?
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The legal adviser to the administrative body is a figure regulated by Law 39/1975 of the 31st of October, still in force, whose function is to advise on due compliance with the legality of the adopted Agreements. That said, and although it is applicable to any administrative body (sole administrator, several joint/solidary administrators and/or Board […]
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Is it necessary to disburse 3,000 EUROS to set up […] Is it necessary to disburse 3,000 EUROS to set up a limited liability company?
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Without prejudice to the possibility of not providing proof of the reality of the contributions in Limited Liability Companies in accordance with art. 62. 2 of Article 62 of the Consolidated Text of the Capital Companies Act – a matter that was already dealt with in a previous post – the fact is that the […]
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Comfort letter or sponsorship letter. Concept and […] Comfort letter or sponsorship letter. Concept and purposes.
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What is a comfort letter? A comfort letter or sponsorship letter is a commercial contract, by virtue of which one of the parties (issuer or sponsor) responds and/or guarantees the other (beneficiary or sponsored party) against third parties and regarding specific obligations. It would fall within the legal business of guarantee. It is also sometimes […]
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Criminal liability for forgery in the minutes of c […] Criminal liability for forgery in the minutes of collegiate bodies.
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Company directors may be criminally liable for the offence of falsification of a commercial document when they certify resolutions adopted at non-existent meetings or record the attendance at the meeting of shareholders who did not attend. In this sense, case law classifies the certifications of company meetings that were not even held and which, therefore, […]
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The Preparatory Phase of the sale of companies. The Preparatory Phase of the sale of companies.
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When it is decided to enter into negotiations to carry out a sale of a company or part of its shareholding, the preparatory phase (prior to the signing of the sales contract or Shares Purchase Agreement “SPA”) is of great importance, and can frustrate the operation as a whole if it is not given the […]
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How to distinguish between the civil and commercia […] How to distinguish between the civil and commercial nature of a sales contract and what does this distinction imply.
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Although there is currently no single line of jurisprudence and doctrine, it is certain that, following the conditions of Article 325 of the Code of Commerce – which must be put in connection with Article 1. 445 of the Civil Code, which defines the contract of sale – the nature of the sale contract’s differentiation […]
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The Golden Share (or how to guarantee State contro […] The Golden Share (or how to guarantee State control in privatized companies).
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When the State decides to dispose of its shareholdings and leave them – totally or partially – in private hands, there is no guarantee that the services of public interest that these companies offered will be sufficiently protected. For this reason, several of the States that privatized their public companies (energy, gas, telecommunications, electricity, airlines, […]
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In today’s blog post for Devesa & Calvo Abogados Alicante and Valencia, I am going to refer to the “drag along” clause, also known as drag along right. This type of clause is often used in our professional practice to protect those clients who wish to have the possibility of closing a good business deal […]
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¿Qué es un warrant? Un warrant es un título valor negociado en un mercado oficial de valores que otorga a su titular el derecho (pero no la obligación) de comprar o vender una determinada cantidad de un activo, denominado “activo subyacente”, a un precio fijo y durante un plazo determinado. El activo subyacente puede consistir […]
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Zombie Companies: Implications of corporate inacti […] Zombie Companies: Implications of corporate inactivity.
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It is not unknown that some businessmen have opted over the years to leave their companies “inactive” when, in fact, they should have opted for their dissolution and liquidation before they became the so-called “Zombie Companies”. The purpose of this decision was none other than to avoid considerable dissolution and liquidation costs (basically, the formal […]
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New transparency obligations for investment funds […] New transparency obligations for investment funds in environmental matters.
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On the 10th of March it came into force the obligation for investment funds to adapt and update the information in their prospectuses for investors in the sense regulated by EU Regulation 2019/2088 of the Parliament and the Council of the 27th of November 2019. The mentioned EU regulation is directly applicable to all EU […]
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Legal entity administrator. Basic concepts. Legal entity administrator. Basic concepts.
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There are many doubts that arise when deciding to appoint a legal entity administrator of another company and, for this reason, the matter should be studied in depth before making decisions. Mainly, administrators (or potential administrators) are usually interested in this option to try to protect themselves regarding the liabilities that may arise from its […]
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Bank liability in unauthorised online payment tran […] Bank liability in unauthorised online payment transactions
Royal Decree-Law 19/2018, of 23 November, on payment services, in force since 25 November 2018, provides in Article 45, concerning bank liability in the event of unauthorised payment transactions, as follows in its first paragraph: “…where an unauthorised payment transaction is executed, the payer’s payment service provider shall refund the amount of the unauthorised transaction […]
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After participating in numerous hotel acquisition processes from the point of view of negotiation and operational legal advice, one learns to detect which are the aspects that can potentially entail the greatest legal contingencies in this sector. These are issues that, if are not properly analyzed within the framework of a prior due diligence work, […]
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What documentation is the entrepreneur required in […] What documentation is the entrepreneur required in order to request an insolvency proceeding?
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According to the law the insolvency proceeding request must be accompanied by all the documents deemed necessary to prove the existence of an insolvency state, such as annual accounts, balance sheets, audit report, payment requests, constraints, embargoes, debt certificates from the Treasury and Social Security etc… In addition, the legislative text lists which documents must […]
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The figure of the Sole Manager in the Temporary Un […] The figure of the Sole Manager in the Temporary Union of Companies (UTE’s).
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The only legal provision referring to the U.T.E’s organization mode is the requirement of “Single Manager” figure, which is constituted as the single representative entity of the temporary union and, therefore, will have representation powers in the negotiation and procedure areas. In the applicable legislation, we can find the following references to this figure: “There […]
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The Agency Contract, what is it and what is it for […] The Agency Contract, what is it and what is it for.
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The Agency Contract is regulated in Law 12/1992 of the 27th of May, which was promulgated due to the obvious necessity of differentiating the Agent from other similar figures that, still today, can cause confusion. Article 2 of this law defines the Agency Contract as the one by which “a natural or legal person, referred […]
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The Register Book of Partnership or Register Book […] The Register Book of Partnership or Register Book of Contracts between the Single-Member Company and Sole Shareholder.
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Should a Single-Member Company present a Register Book of Partners or Register Book of Nominative Shares? It is known, that the administrative body of limited liability companies is obligated to maintain and present a Registration book of Partners, which should contain as follows: (i) the statement of the shares (complete identification, nationality, and address) and […]
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Corporate and negotiation conflicts. Three keys fo […] Corporate and negotiation conflicts. Three keys for success.
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In over my 15 years of professional practice I have participated as legal advisor in many corporate conflicts. In some cases, as a lawyer of organizations´ administrators and main shareholders and, in other cases, as a legal representative of minority partners, “rebels” with or without cause that try to enforce their rights with different objectives. […]
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When a group of businesses is considered to be at […] When a group of businesses is considered to be at labour level?
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Many of our clients maintain a structure with various interrelated corporate organizations, but ignore exactly which are the consequences that this act can lead to. This is why we should differentiate between “a group of businesses” and “business group”. The first concept is safer in terms of the possible consequences in a labour level, while […]
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Compensation for clients in the agency contract. Compensation for clients in the agency contract.
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The article 28 of the agency contract’s Law (Ley de Contrato de Agencia, “LCA”) establishes that “… when the agency contract extinguishes for either a fixed or indeterminate period of time, the agent which has provided new clients to the entrepreneur or that has increased noticeably the operations with the pre-existing clients, will have the […]
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Submission to arbitration in commercial contracts. […] Submission to arbitration in commercial contracts.
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It is common in the commercial contracts, collaboration agreements between companies, and agreements of intention, that contractual parties in addition to regulating the main business purpose, individual obligations, contractual terms, resolution causes, or confidentiality duties, they also have to agree before which jurisdiction they will submit to settle the controversies that may arise in the […]
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